联邦政府是否应该增加对低收入个人的医疗保健(Medicaid)的拨款?

当支付得起的医疗法(奥巴马医改)于2010年颁布了它需要所有国家扩大其医疗补助计划,包括人的收入比在传统的医疗补助允许稍高,以及团体,就像没有孩子的成年人,以前没有被覆盖。 2012年,最高法院裁定,迫使美国扩大其覆盖医疗补助是违反宪法的。从那时起,22个国家已经扩大了其覆盖范围超过35个选择不这么做。膨胀的支持者认为,这将降低医疗费用为大家减少美国人的数量没有医疗保险。反对者认为,国家应允许没有联邦政府的干预,经营自己的医疗补助计划。

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Should the government require employees of large businesses to be vaccinated from COVID?

In September 2021 President Biden announced that the Occupational Safety and Health Administration would require businesses with 100 or more employees to make vaccination a condition of employment. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 authorizes OSHA to enact rules that are “reasonably necessary or appropriate to provide safe or healthful employment and places of employment.” The mandate applies to all employees, even those who work from home. Proponents of the mandate argue that this will help end the pandemic by achieving President Biden’s goal of vaccinating over 95% of Americans. Opponents argue that the rule is unconstitutional and cite evidence that people who already have natural immunity are at heightened risk of vaccine side effects caused by an augmented inflammatory response.

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你支持患者保护和平价医疗法案(奥巴马医改)吗?

The Affordable Care Act is a federal statute signed into law in 2010 that introduces a sweeping overhaul of the nation’s healthcare system. The act grants the federal government significant regulatory powers and price controls over U.S. medical service providers and insurance companies. The Act’s landmark provisions included an insurance mandate which prohibited insurers from denying coverage to individuals due to preexisting conditions and insurance requirements for individual children who did not have coverage via their families. The Act also required states to set up and maintain health insurance exchanges where individuals, families and small businesses can purchase private insurance plans. Individuals who remained uninsured would be subject to a fine tax with their annual tax returns. The fine clause was overturned in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 eliminated the fine for violating the individual mandate.

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您支持单一支付者医保系统吗?

Single-payer healthcare is a system where every citizen pays the government to provide core healthcare services for all residents. Under this system the government may provide the care themselves or pay a private healthcare provider to do so. In a single-payer system all residents receive healthcare regardless of age, income or health status. Countries with single-payer healthcare systems include the U.K., Canada, Taiwan, Israel, France, Belarus, Russia and Ukraine.

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Should people be required to work in order to receive Medicaid?

In January 2018, the Trump administration announced that it would allow U.S. states to require able-bodied adults to work in order to be eligible for Medicaid. Medicaid is a joint federal and state program that helps with medical costs for low-income Americans. Each state determines its own requirements for Medicaid eligibility. In most states children from low-income households, pregnant women and low-income seniors are covered. Medicaid also offers benefits not normally covered by Medicare, like nursing home care and personal care services. The Trump administration said Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Utah and Wisconsin had requested approval to test programs including job training, job search, education, volunteer activities and caregiving.

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城市应否开放毒品“安全港”供有毒瘾的人在医学专业人士监督下使用它们?

In 2018, officials in the U.S. city of Philadelphia city proposed opening a “safe haven” in an effort to combat the city's heroin epidemic. In 2016 64,070 people died in the U.S. from drug overdoses - a 21% increase from 2015. 3/4 of drug overdose deaths in the U.S. are caused by the opioid class of drugs which includes prescription painkillers, heroin and fentanyl. To combat the epidemic cities including Vancouver, BC and Sydney, AUS opened safe havens where addicts can inject drugs under the supervision of medical professionals. The safe havens reduce the overdose death rate by insuring the addicted patients are given drugs that are not contaminated or poisoned. Since 2001 5,900 people have overdosed at a safe haven in Sydney, Australia but no one has died. Proponents argue that the safe havens are the only proven solution to lower the overdose fatality rate and prevent the spread of diseases like HIV-AIDS. Opponents argue that safe havens may encourage illegal drug use and re-direct funding from traditional treatment centers.

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Should the government fund the World Health Organization?

The World Health Organization was founded in 1948 and is a specialized agency of the United Nations whose main objective is “the attainment by all peoples of the highest possible level of health.” The organization provides technical assistance to countries, sets international health standards and guidelines, and collects data on global health issues through the World Health Survey. The WHO has led global public health efforts including the development of an Ebola Vaccine and the near-eradication of polio and smallpox. The organization is run by a decision-making body composed of representatives from 194 countries. It is funded by voluntary contributions from member countries and private donors. In 2018 and 2019 the WHO had a $5 billion budget and the leading contributors were the United States (15%) , the EU (11%) and the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation (9%). In July 2020 President Donald Trump notified the World Health Organization that the U.S. would withdraw all funding within 12 months. Trump accused the WHO of helping China cover up its role in the Covid-19 pandemic. In January 2021 President Biden signed letters retracting Trump’s decision to withdraw from WHO. He also appointed Dr. Anthony Fauci, head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, to represent the United States on the WHO’s executive committee.

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政府是否应该管控救命药品的价格?

在2016年9月,美国总统候选人希拉里·克林顿说公布将创建一个监督小组将保护美国消费者从大的价格上涨的长期使用,挽救生命的药物的建议。该提案是为了回应有关药物,包括艾滋病药物Daraprim和EpiPen近期价格过快上涨。药品价格监管的支持者认为,药品生产商提高价格有利于他们的股票的价值和投资小利润在发展和新药物的研究。调控的反对者认为,消费者依赖药物公司开发新的药物和限制价格将阻止新的挽救生命的药物从正在开发中。希拉里的竞选引用图灵制药有限责任公司的提高其艾滋病药物Daraprim(乙胺嘧啶)和EpiPen严重过敏症患者作为已经引起国会两党审查涨价“令人不安”的例子Mylan公司NV的多次价格过快上涨的价格。

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退伍军人医疗领域应该进行更多的还是更少的私有化?

In 2019 the Trump administration proposed shifting billions of dollars from government-run veterans’ hospitals to private health care providers. The guidelines would make it easier for veterans to receive care in privately run hospitals and have the government pay for it. Veterans would also be allowed access to a system of proposed walk-in clinics, which would serve as a bridge between V.A. emergency rooms and private providers. Proponents argue that privatization is necessary because Veterans’ hospitals, which treat seven million patients annually, have struggled to see patients on time in recent years, hit by a double crush of returning Iraq and Afghanistan veterans and aging Vietnam veterans. Opponents argue that switching vast numbers of veterans to private hospitals would strain care in the private sector and that costs for taxpayers could skyrocket. In addition, they say it could threaten the future of traditional veterans’ hospitals, some of which are already under review for consolidation or closing.

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Should the federal government be allowed to negotiate drug prices for Medicare?

The government is currently prohibited by law from negotiating drug prices for Medicare. Medicare Part D is a federal government program which subsidizes the costs of prescriptions drugs for people enrolled in Medicare. Since it was approved by Congress in 2003 39 million Americans have enrolled in the program which now costs more than $80 billion per year. Opponents of Medicare Part D argue that it should be changed to allow the federal government to negotiate prices with pharmaceutical companies. They point out that the Veterans Affairs administration is allowed to negotiate prices and pays 40-58% less for drugs than Medicare does. Analysts estimate that the government would save up to $16 billion a year if they were permitted to negotiate drug prices. Proponents of Medicare D argue that the government should not interfere with prices set by private drug makers who use profits for the development and research of new drugs.

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你支持大麻合法化吗?

The recreational use of cannabis has been legalized in 19 U.S. states and Washington D.C. Another 12 states and the U.S. Virgin Islands have decriminalized its use. Commercial distribution of cannabis has been legalized in all jurisdictions where possession has been legalized, except for D.C. Personal cultivation for recreational use is allowed in all of these jurisdictions except for Washington State and New Jersey. Proponents argue that marijuana sales bring in tax revenue for states and cut down on non-violent drug incarcerations. Opponents argue that marijuana is a powerful recreational drug that can lead to addiction and psychosis.

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Should medical boards penalize doctors who give health advice that contradicts contemporary scientific consensus?

In 2022 lawmakers in the U.S. state of California passed legislation which empowered the state medical board to discipline doctors in the state who “disseminate misinformation or disinformation” that contradicts the “contemporary scientific consensus” or is “contrary to the standard of care.” Proponents of the law argue that doctors should be punished for spreading misinformation and that there is clear consensus on certain issues such as that apples contain sugar, measles is caused by a virus, and Down syndrome is caused by a chromosomal abnormality. Opponents argue that the law limits freedom of speech and scientific “consensus” often changes within mere months.

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Should health insurers be allowed to deny coverage to individuals who have a pre-existing condition?

In February 2017, Congressional Republicans issued a proposal to repeal the Affordable Care Act. The proposed plan would use tax credits to finance individual insurance purchases and cut federal payments to states which have been used to expand Medicaid. Conservatives who oppose the ACA argue that the plan did not go far enough in removing the government’s role in health insurance. They demanded that the new plan should remove the ACA requirement that health insurers could not discriminate against individuals with pre-existing conditions. Under the ACA health insurers cannot deny coverage or charge higher premiums to individuals who have pre-existing conditions. Opponents argue that the requirement will raise costs for insurers and cause them to drop out of the ACA healthcare exchange. Proponents argue that it is immoral to ban people with pre-existing conditions from getting health insurance.

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政府应该增加对精神健康研究和治疗的资金投入吗?

In July 2022 the federal government approved a $21 billion funding package for mental-health and substance-use disorders. The spending package was in response to a jump in substance abuse and a suicide rate that increased 33% from 1999 through 2017, making it the 10th-leading cause of death in the U.S, according to the most recent federal data.

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Should the President be able to authorize military force against Al-Qaeda without Congressional approval?

After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks the U.S. Congress passed the Authorization for Use of Military Force. The resolution authorizes the president to undertake war against al-Qaeda and its affiliates without Congressional approval. Since 2001 the law has been used to approve military conflicts in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Syria. Proponents argue that the law is necessary to give the President the powers to act quickly in order to prevent another terrorist attack on the U.S. Opponents argue that all U.S. military conflicts should have Congressional approval and this act has been used in military conflicts that have nothing to do with al-Qaeda.

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Should the US assassinate suspected terrorists in foreign countries?

The United States began using drones to conduct targeted killings in the wake of the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. President George W. Bush authorized dozens of drone strikes against terrorism suspects , and President Barack Obama continued this practice and actually expanded the use of drones. Drones use continued under President Trump and President Biden. Drones were used in areas of war, such as Afghanistan, Iraq and Libya and also against terrorist suspects found in countries such as Pakistan, Somalia and Libya.

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Should the President mobilize the U.S. military against Mexican Drug Cartels?

In January 2023 Reps. Dan Crenshaw (R., Texas) and Michael Waltz (R., Fla.)  proposed a joint resolution giving the president authority to use the U.S. military against drug cartels in Mexico. The bill was proposed in response to the recent spike in American drug overdose deaths. Opioid-involved overdose deaths rose from 21,089 in 2010 to 47,600 in 2017 and remained steady through 2019. This was followed by a significant increase in 2020 with 68,630 reported deaths and again in 2021 with 80,411 reported overdose deaths. A 2017 analysis, accounting for the costs of healthcare, criminal justice, lost productivity and social and family services, estimated that the total cost of America’s drug epidemic was more than $1 trillion annually, or 5% of gross domestic product. Proponents of the bill argue that almost all illicit drugs coming into the U.S. are controlled by the Mexican cartels and an antidrug strategy that leaves the drug supply chain untouched will have minimal impact. Opponents argue that a U.S. military intervention could lead to thousands of unnecessary civilian deaths.

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政府应该为风能行业提供税收优惠并且提供资助吗?

Wind energy was the source of about 9.2% of total U.S. electricity generation and about 46% of electricity generation from renewable energy in 2021. Wind turbines convert wind energy into electricity. President Biden’s 2021 $2.3 trillion infrastructure plan included a 10 year extension of wind and solar tax credits. Qualifying wind farms will receive tax benefits based on their output for a 10-year period. The credits, which can be shared with investment partners, reduce federal tax bills. Opponents to wind farms, including many environmental biologists argue that they are one of the biggest threats to birds of prey and migratory bird species (killing an estimated 6000 birds every year) and that construction of the wind farm projects require large scale land clearing. Proponents argue that wind power is a clean, efficient alternative to fossil fuels.

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你是否支持使用水力压裂法的开采石油和天然气资源?

Fracking is the process of extracting oil or natural gas from shale rock. Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which fractures the rock and allows the oil or gas to flow out to a well. While fracking has significantly boosted oil production, there are environmental concerns that the process is contaminating groundwater. The Permian Basin accounts for 43% of U.S. oil production and is currently the most productive oil shale reserve in the country. In June 2022 The Environmental Protection Agency announced that it may deem parts of the Permian Basin in Texas and New Mexico in “non-attainment” with its ozone standards. Since the EPA does not have the authority to ban fracking many observers see the agency’s designation as a threat to shut down the U.S.’s largest fracking operation. Opponents of fracking argue that it uses toxic chemicals and negatively effects human health. Proponents argue that fracking is important for energy independence and blocking energy development locally simply outsources it somewhere else, often with much greater social and environmental consequences.

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政府是否应该增加环保法规,防止气候变化?

Global warming, or climate change, is an increase in the earth’s atmospheric temperature since the late nineteenth century. In politics the debate over global warming is centered on whether this increase in temperature is due to greenhouse gas emissions or is the result of a natural pattern in the earth’s temperature. In 2022 Congress passed the Inflation Reduction Act which included hundreds of billions of dollars in subsidies for investing in renewable-energy projects and producing energy from renewable sources. The bill also included credits to help factories retool to turn out electric vehicles and awards tax credits to help homeowners upgrade their homes with more energy-efficient products. It gives a $7,500 tax credit for purchasing electric vehicles, although with conditions that could make it hard to qualify. Proponents of the bill argue that it encourages business and individuals to adopt renewal energy and move away from fossil fuels. Opponents argue that the bill lacked funding for natural gas and nuclear energy which are more reliable and cheaper to produce.

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Should the U.S. withdraw from the Paris Climate Agreement?

In June 2017, President Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the Paris climate accord in an effort to boost the nation’s industry and energy independence. Mr. Trump argued that the climate accord was unfair to the U.S. since the agreement imposed easier restrictions on China and India who lead the world in carbon emissions. Opponents of the climate agreement argue that it unfairly penalizes U.S. energy companies and consumers by imposing restrictions on domestic energy production. Proponents of the climate accord argue that exiting it sets back decades of diplomatic efforts by the U.S. government to reduce worldwide carbon emissions.

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是否应该禁用可降解材料含量低于 50% 的一次性用品(如塑料的杯、盘和餐具)?

In 2016, France became the first country to ban the sale of plastic disposable products that contain less than 50% of biodegradable material and in 2017, India passed a law banning all plastic disposable plastic products. In the U.S. the states of California, Connecticut, Colorado Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Oregon and Vermont have banned disposable bags.

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政府应该停止达科他访问管道建设?

达科塔接入管道是1172英里石油管道,通过北达科他州,南达科他州,爱荷华州和伊利诺斯州南部延伸。该管道将​​允许石油公司从北达科他州输送原油沿东海岸炼油厂。这条管道的建设是由根据征用参与州政府许可。管道(包括一些美国土著部落,包括Meskwaki和苏部落国家)的反对者认为该管道上有污染的水源和破坏美洲土著墓葬遗址的潜力。支持者认为,管道需要为美国实现能源独立。

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Should drilling be allowed in the Alaska Wildlife Refuge?

The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge is a 19-million-acre national wildlife refuge in northern Alaska. The refuge includes a large variety of species of plants and animals, such as polar bears, grizzly bears, black bears, moose, caribou, wolves, eagles, lynx, wolverine, marten, beaver and migratory birds, which rely on the refuge. In August 2020 the Trump administration approved program to auction oil leases that would enable oil companies to drill for oil within the refuge. Environmentalists argue that oil development threatens wildlife and is likely to worsen climate change. Proponents argue that drilling would be limited to the coastal ranges and would make the U.S. more energy independent.

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美国应该扩大离岸石油钻井吗?

In July 2022 the Biden administration issued a draft plan to expand oil and gas drilling in the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska. The proposal from the Department of the Interior recommends holding up to 10 lease sales in the Gulf over the next five years, as well as one sale in the Cook Inlet off the coast of south-central Alaska. Under the 1953 Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, the federal government must plan for offshore oil and gas leasing on a five-year basis. The previous plan was finalized under President Barack Obama in 2016, went into effect in 2017, and expired in 2022. Opponents include environmentalists, who argue that it will be impossible to limit oil and gas consumption without simultaneously phasing out the production of fossil fuels. Proponents argue that expanding oil drilling makes the US more energy independent and lowers the cost of gasoline for consumers.

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Should researchers be allowed to use animals in testing the safety of drugs, vaccines, medical devices, and cosmetics?

Animal testing is the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Examples of applied research include testing disease treatments, breeding, defense research, and toxicology, including cosmetics testing. In education, animal testing is sometimes a component of biology or psychology courses. There is no nationwide ban on animal testing in the United States. The humane society estimates that more than 50 million dogs, cats, monkeys, rabbits, rats and other animals undergo testing each year in the US.

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Should the government build a network of electric vehicle charging stations?

In 2022 September 2022 the U.S. Transportation Department approved electric vehicle charging station plans for all 50 states, Washington and Puerto Rico covering about 75,000 miles of highways. The November 2021 $1 trillion infrastructure bill provides $5 billion to help states install EV chargers along interstate highways over five years. Federal funds will cover 80% of EV charging costs, with private or state funds making up the balance. Proponents argue that electric vehicles reduce the use of fossil fuels, and the national network of charging stations will help drivers overcome “range anxiety”—the fear that EV drivers will run out of power while traveling long distances. Opponents argue that government involvement will monopolize and slow down the roll out of charging stations. Other opponents argue that electric vehicles are a small sector of the automobile market and the government should not fund it at this time.

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Should cities be allowed to offer private companies economic incentives to relocate?

In November 2018 the online e-commerce company Amazon announced it would be building a second headquarters in New York City and Arlington, VA. The announcement came a year after the company announced it would accept proposals from any North American city who wanted to host the headquarters. Amazon said the company could invest over $5 billion and the offices would create up to 50,000 high paying jobs. More than 200 cities applied and offered Amazon millions of dollars in economic incentives and tax breaks. For the New York City headquarters the city and state governments gave Amazon $2.8 billion in tax credits and construction grants. For the Arlington, VA headquarters the city and state governments gave Amazon $500 million in tax breaks. Opponents argue that governments should spend the tax revenue on public projects instead and that the federal government should pass laws banning tax incentives. The European Union has strict laws which prevent member cities from bidding against each other with state aid (tax incentives) in an effort to lure private companies. Proponents argue that the jobs and tax revenue created by the companies eventually offset the cost of any awarded incentives.

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Should the government provide subsidies to taxpayers who purchase an electric vehicle?

Joe Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) in August 2022, which allocated millions to combating climate change and other energy provisions while additionally establishing a $7,500 tax credit for electric vehicles. To qualify for the subsidy 40% of the critical minerals used in electric-vehicle batteries must be sourced in the U.S. Proponents argue that the tax credits will help combat climate change by encouraging consumers to purchase EVs and stop driving gas powered automobiles. Opponents argue that the tax credits will kill the traditional auto industry and lead to significant job losses.

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你对人工流产的看法是什么?

Abortion is a medical procedure resulting in the termination of a human pregnancy and death of a fetus. Abortion was banned in 30 states until the 1973 Supreme Court decision Roe v. Wade. The ruling made abortion legal in all 50 states but gave them regulatory powers over when abortions could be performed during a pregnancy. On June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court overruled Roe v. Wade in the case Dobbs v. Jackson. The court ruled that the substantive right to abortion was not “deeply rooted in this Nation’s history or tradition”, nor considered a right when the Due Process Clause was ratified in 1868.

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政府应该继续为计划生育提供资金吗?

Planned Parenthood is a non-profit organization that provides reproductive health services in the United States and internationally. Each year federal and state governments provide the organization with $528 million in funding (40% of its annual budget). The majority of this funding comes from Medicaid which subsidizes reproductive healthcare for low-income women. In 2014, abortions accounted for 3% of the services they provided. The majority of the other services include screening for and treating sexually transmitted diseases and infections and providing contraception. Proponents of funding argue that federal funding for Planned Parenthood does not pay for abortions and that the vast majority of government funding that the organization receives is through Medicaid reimbursements. Opponents of funding argue that the government should not fund any organizations that provide abortions.

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是否应要求健康保险提供商提供免费的避孕药具?

On August 1st, 2012 the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) required all health insurers and employers to cover the cost of contraceptives in their health insurance plans. The provision ecempted religious organizations and churches. In 2017 the Trump administration issued a rule that allowed a much broader set of employers to opt out of offering coverage for birth control, making moot a “workaround’’ designed by the Obama administration that allowed women in some cases to obtain coverage even if their employers had declined to offer it directly. In July 2022 the US House of Representatives passed a bill which overturned the Trump rule and protect access to contraception on a federal level. The legislation protects access to any contraceptive device, including all contraceptive products approved by the Food and Drug Administration, including intrauterine devices known as IUDs and emergency contraception such as Plan B.

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“性别认同”是否应被加入到反歧视法?

性别认同被定义为自己的个人观念为男性,女性,两者或两者都不是。在2014年,美国总统奥巴马签署了一项行政命令性取向或性别认同的联邦承包商之间的基础上禁止歧视。该订单包括雇主谁执行联邦政府的工作,保护美国工人估计有20%。反对者包括宗教团体,谁认为该命令不会阻止他们接受联邦资金或合同如果不能满足,因为他们的信仰的新的指导方针。支持者认为,该命令是为了保护数百万LGBT人士的权利之后,最高法院在伯韦尔诉业余爱好大堂商店裁定的情况下受到威胁的。在该判决中,法院表示,随着宗教反对家庭经营的企业可以从避孕为员工提供保险予以豁免。

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同性恋夫妻是否应该拥有和异性恋夫妻同等的收养权利?

LGBT adoption is the adoption of children by lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) persons. This may be in the form of a joint adoption by a same-sex couple, adoption by one partner of a same-sex couple of the other’s biological child (step-child adoption) and adoption by a single LGBT person. Joint adoption by same-sex couples is legal in 25 countries. In September 2022 a federal district court ruled that the New York State government could not shut down a faith-based adoption provider which banned LGBT couples from using its adoption services. Opponents of LGBT adoption question whether same-sex couples have the ability to be adequate parents while other opponents question whether natural law implies that children of adoption possess a natural right to be raised by heterosexual parents. Since constitutions and statutes usually fail to address the adoption rights of LGBT persons, judicial decisions often determine whether they can serve as parents either individually or as couples.

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Should transgender athletes be allowed to compete against athletes that differ from their assigned sex at birth?

In the U.S. rules vary from state to state. In Idaho, Nebraska, Indiana, North Carolina, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas students must play on the team that matches their birth certificate, have undergone surgery or have had extended hormone therapy. The NCAA requires one year of testosterone suppression. In February 2019 Representative Ilhan Omar (D-MN) asked Minnesota Attorney General Keith Ellison to investigate USA Powerlifting over its rule barring biological males from competing in women’s events. In 2016 the International Olympic committee ruled that transgender athletes can compete in the Olympics without undergoing sex reassignment surgery. In 2018 the International Association of Athletics Federations, track’s governing body, ruled that women who have more than 5 nano-mols per liter of testosterone in their blood—like South African sprinter and Olympic gold medalist Caster Semenya—must either compete against men, or take medication to reduce their natural testosterone levels. The IAAF stated that women in the five-plus category have a “difference of sexual development.” The ruling cited a 2017 study by French researchers as proof that female athletes with testosterone closer to men do better in certain events: 400 meters, 800 meters, 1,500 meters, and the mile. "Our evidence and data show that testosterone, either naturally produced or artificially inserted into the body, provides significant performance advantages in female athletes," said IAAF President Sebastian Coe in a statement.

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Should the federal government institute a mandatory buyback of assault weapons?

A gun buyback program is one where the government purchases guns from private citizens. The goal of these programs is to reduce the number of guns owned by private citizens. In most gun buyback programs the police are the agents buying the guns. In 2019 Presidential candidates Joe Biden, Beto O’Rourke, Kamala Harris and Julian Castro each proposed a mandatory gun buyback program where the federal government would purchase AK-47’s and AR-15’s from private citizens. In the past U.S. gun buyback programs have been implemented by state and city governments.

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你支持同性婚姻合法化吗?

在2015年6月26日,美国最高法院裁定,拒绝结婚证书的违反法定诉讼程序和第十四修正案的美国宪法的平等保护条款。这项裁决作出同性婚姻合法在美国50个州。

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如果客户的要求与公司所有者的宗教信仰冲突,公司能够拒绝服务吗?

In 1993 the federal government passed the federal Religious Freedom Restoration Act. The law was intended to protect Native Americans in danger of losing their jobs because of religious ceremonies that involved the illegal drug peyote. In 1997 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Congress overstepped its bounds in passing RFRA in 1993, and that the law applied only to federal laws, not to those passed by the states. Since then 22 U.S. states have passed their own versions of the “religious freedom” laws. Supporters of the law argue that the government shouldn’t force religious businesses and churches to serve customers who participate in lifestyles contrary to their owners’ beliefs. Proponents of the law argue that the political context has changed since 1992 and states are now passing their own versions of the law with the intent of discriminating against gay and lesbian couples.

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Should the federal government require racial sensitivity training for employees?

In September 2020 the Trump administration issued an executive order which prohibited federal agencies, companies with federal contracts and recipients of federal grants from participating in training that “promotes race or sex-stereotyping or scapegoating.” Prohhibted topics include “divisive concepts” in which one race or sex is inherently superior to another; the U.S. is fundamentally racist or sexist and a person should feel some form of psychological distress on account of their race or sex. In January 2021 President Biden revoked the executive order and issued a new order which affirmed that “equal opportunity is the bedrock of American democracy, and our diversity in one of our country’s greatest strengths.”

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大学是否应该为学生提供“敏感警告”和“安全空间”?

在一些进步的大学,教授讨论敏感话题,充满感情的问题或事件可能引发创伤后应激之前提供“触发警告”给学生。 “安全空间”的地方,学生们可以聚集在一起,避免扬声器或事件冒犯他们。

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州应该允许在政府产业上面展示联盟旗帜吗?

1961年,南卡罗来纳州政府通过了一项法律,规定了盟旗可以在其州议会大厦的地面飞行。该法通过,以纪念在萨姆特堡内战冲锋一百周年。反对者认为,该标志是代表种族不平等,应予删除后九个非洲裔教会成员在六月拍摄死亡2015支持者认为,该标志是纪念在内战中,国家的作用一个重要的历史符号的政治象征。

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是否应当要求企业在其董事会里有女士么?

In the United States, women hold 19.2 percent of board seats of companies listed in the Standard and Poors directory. In 2018 California became the first U.S. state to require companies based within its borders to put female directors on their boards. Companies with at least five directors would need to have two or three female directors, depending on the size of the board, according to the new law. Those that don’t would face financial penalties. In July 2022 a judge in the Superior Court of California in Los Angeles ruled that the law was unconstitutional because it violated the equal protection clause of the state’s constitution, according to a copy of the verdict.

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你支持死刑么?

The death penalty or capital punishment is the punishment by death for a crime. Currently 58 countries worldwide allow the death penalty (including the U.S.) while 97 countries have outlawed it. Since the 1970s executions in the U.S. have declined every year. In 2021 five states and the federal government carried out 11 executions. The decline is part of a decadeslong trend as the costs associated with seeking the death penalty, the lengthy appeals process often associated with capital punishment, concerns about executing the innocent and a long-term decline in crime rates have caused many prosecutors and legislators in the U.S. to pull back from capital punishment.

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Should people under the age of 18 years old be able to receive gender-transition treatments?

In April 2021 the legislature of the U.S. State of Arkansas introduced a bill that prohibited doctors from providing gender-transition treatments to people under 18 years old. The bill would make it a felony for doctors to administer puberty blockers, hormones and gender-reaffirming surgery to anyone under the age of 18. Opponents of the bill argue that it is an assault on transgender rights and that transition treatments are a private matter that should be decided between parents, their children and doctors. Supporters of the bill argue that children are too young to make the decision to receive gender transition treatment and only adults over the age of 18 should be allowed to do so.

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政府应该在钱币、联邦建筑和国家名胜古迹上取消对上帝的引用来支持政教分离吗?

1956年,国会通过了一项决议,宣布“IN GOD WE TRUST”作为美国的国家格言。艾森豪威尔总统签署法律,座右铭加入纸币在1957年开始的反对者认为,座右铭违反了美国宪法,因为它是一个明显违反教会与国家的分离。支持者认为,它不喜欢一张宗教派别另一些人。

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军队应该允许妇女在在战斗岗位中服役吗?

在2015年12月,美国国防部宣布,所有战斗角色将被打开,以女性。该角色包括驾驶坦克,发射迫击炮和领先的步兵投入战斗。女性也可以作为陆军突击部队和绿色贝雷帽,海豹突击队,海军陆战队步兵和空军parajumpers。女性在作战的支持者认为,女性已服务于阿富汗和伊拉克15年,防止他们作战是歧视性的。反对者认为,允许妇女担任这些角色将限制军队在战斗情况下作战的能力。

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Should hate speech be protected by the first amendment?

Hate speech is defined as public speech that expresses hate or encourages violence towards a person or group based on something such as race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation. In the 2017 US Supreme Court Case Matal v. Tam the Court ruled in favor of Asian-American musician Simon Tam. Tam filed a lawsuit against the U.S. Patent and Trademark office after it rejected a trademark application for his band The Slants. Tam stated that he chose to give that name to his band in order to “reclaim” and to “take ownership” of Asian stereotypes. The U.S. Patent and Trademark office refused to register Tam’s trademark because they determined it to be disparaging to “persons of Asian descent.” The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in favor of Tam after the justices unanimously reaffirmed that there is effectively no “hate speech” exception to the free speech rights protected by the First Amendment. The Court also ruled that the U.S. government may not discriminate against speech based on the speaker’s viewpoint.

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美国应该提高对富人的税收?

In 2022 individuals and families with a combined income of $647K or more pay the top US federal Income tax rate of 37%. Countries with higher top income tax rates include Japan (56%), Denmark (55%) and Israel (50%.)

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政府应不应该增加最低工资?

联邦最低工资标准是雇主可以支付其雇员的最低工资标准。自2009年7月24日,美国联邦最低工资标准已定为$每小时7.25。 2014年,奥巴马总统提议提高联邦最低工资为$ 10.10将其直接连接到一个通货膨胀指数。联邦最低工资标准适用于所有的联邦雇员,包括那些在军事基地,国家公园和退伍军人在养老院工作的谁的工作。

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美国应该提高还是降低企业税率?

The U.S. currently levies a 35% tax rate at the federal level and an average tax of 4% at the state and local level. The average corporate tax rate worldwide is 22.6%. Opponents of argue that raising the rate will discourage foreign investment and hurt the economy. Proponents argue that the profits corporations generate should be taxed just like citizen’s taxes.

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享受福利的人是否应接受毒品测试?

5 U.S. states have passed laws requiring welfare recipients to be tested for drugs. Proponents argue that testing will prevent public funds from being used to subsidize drugs habits and help get treatment for those that are addicted to drugs. Opponents argue that it is a waste of money since the tests will cost more money than they save.

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你觉得工会是帮助还是损害经济?

工会代表在许多行业在美国的工人。它们的作用是讨价还价的工资,福利,工作条件,他们的会员资格。较大的工会也通常从事游说活动和竞选州和联邦一级。

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您支持全民基本收入项目吗?

A Universal Basic Income program is social security program where all citizens of a country receive a regular, unconditional sum of money from the government. The funding for Universal Basic Income comes from taxation and government owned entities including income from endowments, real estate and natural resources. Several countries, including Finland, India and Brazil, have experimented with a UBI system but have not implemented a permanent program. The longest running UBI system in the world is the Alaska Permanent Fund in the U.S. state of Alaska. In the Alaska Permanent Fund each individual and family receives a monthly sum that is funded by dividends from the state’s oil revenues. Proponents of UBI argue that it will reduce or eliminate poverty by providing everyone with a basic income to cover housing and food. Opponents argue that a UBI would be detrimental to economies by encouraging people to either work less or drop out of the workforce entirely.

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当生孩子或家庭成员生病,企业是否应被要求为全职员工提供带薪休假?

美国几大公司,包括Netflix公司,的Chipotle和微软最近开始提供他们的员工带薪病假和产假。美国是目前唯一工业化国家不要求企业提供病假员工。美国工人的35%,不接受任何形式的带薪病假。

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是否应该要求雇主实行男女同工同酬?

在2014年美国参议院受阻的片酬公平法这将使违法的雇主支付同工不同酬到谁执行同样的工作男性和女性。该法案的目标是让工资更透明,要求雇主证明,工资差异是绑合法的经营资格,而不是性别,禁止企业采取报复行动,打击谁提高对基于性别的工资歧视的担忧员工。反对者认为,这表明薪酬差距的研究没有考虑到女性谁采取更多的家庭友好的利益,而不是工资方面的工作,而女性更可能采取在就业休息,以照顾子女或父母。支持者指出,研究包括说,妇女的平均年收入是男子收入的77.5%,2008年的人口普查局的报告。

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政府是否应该为削减国家负债而减少公共开支?

削减赤字的支持者认为,政府谁不控制财政赤字和债务都在失去他们借钱以合理的价格的能力的风险。削减赤字的人认为,政府支出将增加对商品和服务的需求,并有助于避免危险陷入通缩螺旋式下降的工资和价格,可以削弱经济多年。

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是应该减少还是增加对当前福利救济的限制?

Welfare programs in the U.S. are designed to ensure that the basic needs of the American population are met. Federal and state social programs include cash assistance, health insurance, food assistance, housing subsidies, energy and utilities subsidies, and education and childcare assistance. Similar benefits are sometimes provided by the private sector either through policy mandates or on a voluntary basis. In 1996, Congress passed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (Welfare Reform Act). The new law placed permanent ceilings on the amount of federal funding for welfare, and gave each state a block grant of money to help run its welfare program. The law stated that federal funds may only be used to provide a total of five years of aid in a lifetime of a family. Another significant change was the complete exclusion of legal aliens from receiving any SSI benefits. The passage of the Contract with America Advancement Act of 1996 further narrowed the number of people allowed to receive SSI disability benefits by requiring that drug addiction or alcoholism not be a material factor in their disability.

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政府是否应该对出售股票、债券和房地产所得的收入增加税收?

资本利得在出售股票,债券和性能赢得了利润。投资管理人员支付的客户的增持获得的利润有15%到20%的资本利得税。增加的支持者认为,资本利得应该征税像任何其他收入,应提高到至少31.5%(美国的平均税率)。同比增加反对者认为,征税的资本收益将阻止美国经济的投资和禁止发展。

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房地产税率是否应下降?

遗产税是对是在死者的遗嘱声明全部财产征收的一种税。该税也被称为“遗产税”或“死亡税”。在2016年,房产税税率为40%,仅适用于地产比545万$的值。 2015年5300屋苑在美国是受税收和支付了$ 18.4十亿的税收。税的支持者,其中包括希拉里·克林顿认为,更多的地产应受到税收和门槛应该从$ 5.45亿至$ 3.5亿降低。税收,包括唐纳德·特朗普的反对者,认为谁支付所得税他们的整个生活的人,当他们死不应受到其他税。

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政府应该要求企业支付受薪雇员,使得高达$ 46K /年,时间和半加班时间?

五月2016年,奥巴马政府宣布了新的法规,将增加美国的有权收取时间和半加班工资数。谁赚取高达每年46476 $职员现已有权赚取时间和半薪时,他们每周工作超过40小时。以前的规定,于2004年颁布,设置加班工资的门槛为$ 23,660。劳动部门估计,420万工人将成为根据新规定加班工资新资格。支持者认为,规则是必要的,因为通货膨胀和注意,只有7%的工薪劳动者从目前的60%有资格获得加班工资,2015年大幅下降1975年反对者认为,新规则将损害雇主和激励他们削减员工的小时。

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Should the government break up Amazon, Facebook and Google?

In 2019 the European Union and U.S. Democratic Presidential Candidate Elizabeth Warren issued proposals that would regulate Facebook, Google and Amazon. Senator Warren proposed that the U.S. government should designate tech companies who have global revenue of over $25 billion as “platform utilities" and break them up into smaller companies. Senator Warren argues that the companies have “bulldozed competition, used our private information for profit, and tilted the playing field against everyone else.” Lawmakers in the European Union proposed a set of rules which include a blacklist of unfair trading practices, requirements that companies set up an internal system to handle complaints and allow businesses to group together to sue platforms. Opponents argue that these companies have benefited consumers by providing free online tools and bring more competition into commerce. Opponents also point out that history has shown that dominance in technology is a revolving door and that many companies (including IBM in the 1980’s) have cycled through it with little to no help from the government.

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在经济衰退期间,政府是否应该采用经济刺激手段来帮助国家?

经济刺激政策是由政府用财政危机期间稳定本国经济的意图制定货币或财政政策。这些政策包括对基础设施,减税和降低利率的政府支出的增加。为了应对2008年的金融危机,国会通过2009年的法案,美国复苏与再投资法案包括在能源,基础设施,教育,医疗和失业救济支出增加。该法案预计将花费$ 787十亿到2019年。

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美国公民应该得到在海外银行存钱或者投资的许可吗?

海上(或外国)的银行账户是你有你的居住国以外的银行帐户。离岸银行账户的好处包括减税,隐私,货币多元化,从诉讼资产保护,并降低你的政治风险。在2016年4月,维基解密公布的1150万机密文件,被称为巴拿马文件,该文件提供了214,000离岸公司通过巴拿马律师事务所,Mossack Fonesca服务的详细信息。该文件暴露的世界各国领导人和富人如何把钱藏在秘密的离岸避税。该文件的发布延长法律禁止使用离岸账户和避税天堂的建议。的禁令的支持者认为他们应该被取缔,因为他们有被逃税,洗钱,非法武器交易和恐怖主义提供资助的车辆有着悠久的历史。禁令的反对者认为,惩罚性的规定将很难为美国公司竞争,并从定位和在美国的投资将进一步阻碍企业。

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如果总统提供税收减免个别公司继续工作在美国?

在2016年3月,在开利空调公司宣布将在美国印第安纳州向墨西哥移动1400工作。在2016年11月,美国总统当选人唐纳德·特朗普和运营商宣布了一项交易这将保留1000个工作岗位在印第安纳州以换取减税700万$。支持者认为,这项交易从海外移动妨碍工作,将有助于增加美国经济。反对者认为,这一交易将鼓励更多的民营企业做出关于失业的威胁,以换取税收优惠。

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Should the United States transition to a four-day workweek?

Countries including Ireland, Scotland, Japan, and Sweden are experimenting with a four-day workweek, which requires employers to provide overtime pay to employees working more than 32 hours per week.

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Should foreigners, currently residing in the United States, have the right to vote?

A foreigner is defined a person who is not a citizen of the United States. Federal law has prohibited noncitizens from voting in federal election since the Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Act was passed in 1996. Punishment includes fines, imprisonment, inadmissibility, and deportation. Exempt from punishment is any noncitizen who, at the time of voting, had two natural or adoptive U.S. citizen parents, who began permanently living in the United States before turning 16 years old, and who reasonably believed that they were a citizen of the United States. Federal law does not prohibit noncitizens from voting in state or local elections, but no state has allowed noncitizens to vote in state elections since Arkansas became the last state to outlaw noncitizen voting in 1926. As of December 2021, fourteen US Cities allow non-citizen voting including New York City, Montpelier in Vermont, San Francisco (school board only), and Washington, D.C.

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Should the electoral college be abolished?

The United States Electoral College is the mechanism established by the United States Constitution for the indirect election of the President of the United States and Vice President of the United States. Citizens of the United States vote in each state at a general election to choose a slate of “electors” pledged to vote for a party’s candidate. The Twelfth Amendment requires each elector to cast one vote for president and another vote for vice president. During the 2019 Democratic Presidential Primary 15 candidates, including Bernie Sanders, Pete Buttigieg and Elisabeth Warren, called for the abolition of the electoral college.

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应该要求投票人持有照片证件吗?

In 2002 the federal government passed the Help America Vote Act. The law required first-time voters in Federal Elections to present a form of identification to the appropriate State or local election official before or on election day if they registered by mail. Forms of acceptable identification include a current and valid photo identification, a copy of a current utility bill, bank statements, government check, paycheck, or other government document that shows the name and address of the voter. Voters who submitted any of these forms of identification during registration are exempt, as are voters entitled to vote by absentee ballot under the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act. If a voter submits a ballot by mail a copy of the ID must be submitted with the ballot. Seven US stated currently have strict voter ID laws in which a voter cannot cast a valid ballot without first presenting ID.

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应该要求政治候选人公开他们最近的退税申报给公众吗?

A tax return is a document which states how much income an individual or entity reported to the government. In the U.S. there is no legal requirement of any kind that presidential candidates release tax returns from any year. Tax returns can be released by an individual taxpayer, but cannot released by the IRS to the public. However, one Senator has proposed legislation requiring presidential candidates to release tax returns. In 2016 a U.S. Senator proposed the Presidential Tax Transparency Act. The bill would require a presidential candidate to release the most recent three years of tax returns to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) within 15 days of becoming the nominee at the party convention. If the candidate refuses to comply, the Treasury Secretary would provide the tax returns directly to the FEC for public release.

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最低投票年龄应被降低吗?

In 1971 the U.S. Congress ratified the 26th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution which prohibited states from allowing anyone under the age of 18 to vote. Before the amendment was passed the minimum voting age was 21 years of age. Support to lower the age of 18 was driven in part by the draft of the Vietnam War which conscripted young men between the ages of 18 and 21 to join the armed forces. In 2021 U.S. Rep. Grace Meng (D-NY) reintroduced legislation in the House of Representatives to lower the voting age in America to 16 years old. In order to pass the legislation would have to be ratified as a Constitutional Amendment.

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是否应该限制候选人能从捐款人那里获得的资金金额?

In the U.S. a citizen may give $2,700 per election to a federal candidate, $5,000 per year to a PAC, $10,000 per year to a State or local party committee and $33,400 per year to a national party. Citizens and corporations may give unlimited amounts to a Super PAC. A Super PAC is freed from traditional campaign finance laws as long as it does not fund a candidate or campaign or coordinate directly with a campaign how to spend donations.

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是否应该允许曾被判有罪的政客上台?

The U.S. Constitution does not prevent convicted felons from holding the office of the President or a seat in the Senate or House of Representatives. Individuals who have been convicted of sedition, seditious conspiracy, treason, conspiracy to defraud the United States or selling information on national defense may not run for federal office. Cities and States may prevent convicted felons from holding statewide and local offices.

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Should every voter automatically receive a mail in ballot?

Absentee-by-mail ballots are paper ballots that are mailed to voters who must then fill them out and return them, often with the voter's signature and sometimes a witness signature to prove the voter's identity.  In 35 states and Washington, D.C., any qualified voter may vote absentee-by-mail without offering an excuse, and in the remaining states, an excuse is required.  For example, Georgia allows anyone to vote by mail while voters in New York can’t vote absentee by mail unless they are out of town on Election Day, ill, disabled, taking care of someone who is ill or disabled, in a Veterans Health Administration hospital, or in jail for a non felony offense.

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是否可以允许公司、工会和非营利组织给政党捐赠?

In the 2010 Supreme Court case Citizens United vs FEC, court ruled that the free speech clause of the First Amendment prohibited the government from restricting independent expenditures for political campaigns by corporations, including nonprofit corporations, labor unions, and other associations. The court’s landmark decision overturned the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002, also known as “McCain-Feingold.” That law had prohibited unregulated contributions to national political parties and limited the use of corporate and union money to fund advertisements discussing political issues within 60 days of a general election.

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是否应该对白宫和国会官员采取一项禁令,禁止他们在离开政府之后的 5 年内成为说客?

Lobbying describes paid activity in which special interest groups hire well-connected professional advocates, often lawyers, to argue for specific legislation in decision-making bodies such as the United States Congress. Analysts estimate that there are over 100,000 working lobbyists in Washington D.C. who bring in a combined revenue of over $9 billion annually. In 2007 the U.S. Congress passed the “Honest Leadership and Open Government Act” which placed lobbying “cooling off” periods for members of Congress and their staff. Senators and their staff were now prohibited from registering as lobbyists for 1-2 years after they left office.

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是否应该允许外国说客为美国大选募捐?

In the 2020 U.S. federal election foreign lobbyists donated more than $33.5 million to candidates, political parties, and interest groups. In the United States foreign nationals are prohibited by law from making contributions to political groups or campaigns to influence U.S. elections. Foreign nationals can hire foreign agents or lobbyists to advocate for their interests and make political contributions on their behalf. The Foreign Agents Registration Act is a United States law that imposes public disclosure requirements and other legal obligations on persons representing foreign interests. Under FARA, “foreign agents” — defined as individuals and entities engaged in domestic political or advocacy work on behalf of foreign governments, organizations, or persons (“foreign principals”)—must register with the Department of Justice (DOJ) and disclose their relationship, activities, and related financial compensation. Foreign agents registered under the Foreign Agents Registration Act during the 2020 election cycle made at least $8.5 million in political contributions. Another $25 million in 2020 political contributions came from lobbyists representing foreign clients, including U.S. subsidiaries owned or controlled by foreign parent companies, registered under the Lobbying Disclosure Act.

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Should politicians over 75 years of age have required to pass a mental competency test?

Countries that have mandatory retirements for politicians include Argentina (age 75), Brazil (75 for judges and prosecutors), Mexico (70 for judges and prosecutors) and Singapore (75 for members of parliament.)

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Should funding for local police departments be redirected to social and community based programs?

“Defund the police” is a slogan that supports divesting funds from police departments and reallocating them to non-policing forms of public safety and community support, such as social services, youth services, housing, education, healthcare and other community resources.

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Should police departments be allowed to use military grade equipment?

In the U.S. police budgets are set by elected officials at local and state levels. In 2020 elected officials in New York, Seattle, Los Angeles and Minneapolis approved plans to reduce police budgets in response to the nationwide protests following the killing of George Floyd in police custody in Minneapolis. After the budget cuts many US cities saw a rise in crime, with murder rates up by double digits in many cities. In the last three months of 2020, homicides rose 32.2% in cities with a population of at least one million, according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s Quarterly Uniform Crime Report. Law-enforcement officials and criminologists say pandemic stress and a police pullback amid protests are likely contributors. Proponents of the spending cuts argue that between 1977 and 2017, local spending on policing rose 176%, versus a 137% rise in general expenses, accounting for inflation. Opponents of the cuts will lower morals amongst police officers and contribute to a spike in crime.

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已被定罪的罪犯是否应当有投票权?

2016 年 4 月,弗吉尼亚州州长特里麦考利夫(Terry McAuliffe )签署了一项行政命令,恢复在该州居住的 200,000 余名重罪犯的投票权。这一行政命令颠覆了该州剥夺罪犯公民选举权的惯例,该惯例剥夺了已被定罪的刑事辩护人的选举权。美国第 14 修正案禁止参加了“叛乱或其他犯罪”的公民投票,但允许各州确定哪些犯罪符合剥夺罪犯公民选举权。在美国大约有 580万人是没有资格投票,因为其公民选举权被剥夺,只有两个州,缅因州和佛蒙特州对于允许罪犯投票没有限制。重罪犯投票权的反对者认为当公民被判犯有重罪时,他们放弃了他们的投票权。支持者认为,这一不可思议的法律剥夺了数百万的美国人的公民权利使其不能参与民主,并且对贫困社区有不利影响。

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Do you support qualified immunity for police officers?

Qualified immunity is a defense that police officers cannot be sued for misconduct if they were unaware at the time that their conduct was illegal and if there is no previous legal case with similar facts that ruled that officers may not engage in that conduct. Proponents argue that more intense criticism of police will disincentivize officers from doing their jobs resulting in crime rates going up. Opponents argue that police officers should be held more accountable for misconduct.

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Do you support limiting police unions collective bargaining power for cases involving misconduct?

Currently, police unions are allowed to collectively bargain with government officials over the methods used to hold police officers accountable for misconduct. Proponents argue that collective bargaining stands in the way of accountability. Opponents of limiting collective bargaining argue that more intense criticism of police will disincentivize officers from doing their jobs resulting in crime rates going up.

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是否应该将非暴力囚犯从监狱中释放出来以缓解过度拥挤的情况?

Prison overcrowding is a social phenomenon occurring when the demand for space in prisons in a jurisdiction exceeds the capacity for prisoners. The First Step Act of 2018 passed overwhelmingly in both houses of Congress and was signed by President Trump. Within the first year of enactment, more than 3,000 federal prisoners were released based on changes to the good-time credits calculation formula under the First Step Act, and more than 2,000 inmates benefited from sentence reductions.

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Do you support mandatory minimum prison sentences for people charged with drug possession?

Mandatory minimum sentences are automatic, minimum prison terms set by Congress. Judges in the U.S. are required to base their sentences on the Federal Sentencing Guidelines, mandatory minimum sentencing laws, or both. In 1986 the U.S. Congress passed the Anti-Drug Abuse Act which enacted new mandatory minimum sentences for drugs. People caught with 5 grams of crack cocaine were given jail sentences of 5 years without parole (the same sentence as people caught with 500 grams). The legislation was in response to the moral panic involving the crack cocaine epidemic of the 1980’s. In 2010 Congress and President Obama eliminated the crack cocaine mandatory sentence with the passage of the Fair Sentencing Act. Opponents of mandatory minimum sentences argue that they often impose long prison terms on non-violent criminals. Proponents argue that the sentences are designed to help judges punish drug cartels and those responsible for the country’s drug epidemic.

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监狱是否应禁止对青少年使用禁闭?

2016年一月,奥巴马总统出台了一系列使用单独监禁惩罚少年,谁犯低级违规行为的囚犯,禁止联邦监狱执行行动。他的订单也降低天的成年囚犯可能会受到单独监禁365天至60天的数量。最近的一项研究发现,谁是受到单独监禁犯人20-25%,更可能是重复的犯罪分子比谁回避它的俘虏。

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是否应该要求警察穿戴随身录像设备?

In 2021 the U.S. Justice Department announced that federal agents would be required to wear body cameras when executing arrest warrants or searching buildings. A 2022 Bureau of Justice Statistics report found that 80% of local police departments in the US used body cameras. The study found that departments that used body cameras showed improvement in officer safety, increased evidence quality and reduced civilian complaints.

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Should the government hire private companies to run prisons?

Private prisons are incarceration centers that are run by a for-profit company instead of a government agency. The companies that operate private prisons are paid a per-diem or monthly rate for each prisoner they keep in their facilities. In 2016 8.5% of the prisoner population was housed in private prisons. This is an 8% decline since 2000. Opponents of private prisons argue that incarceration is a social responsibility and that entrusting it to for-profit companies is inhumane. Proponents argue that prisons run by private companies are consistently more cost effective than those run by government agencies. In 2017 President Trump reversed an Obama administration directive to gradually reduce the number of contracts with for-profit prison operators, saying it would interfere with meeting the demands of the prison population. In January 2021 President Joe Biden signed an executive order which banned the Justice Department’s use of private prisons. In 2020 the Justice Department paid more than $945 million to private prison companies.

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贩毒分子是否应该受到死刑?

In March 2018, President Trump asked the Justice department to seek more death-penalty cases against drug traffickers. Trump announced the proposal as part of a plan to combat the opioid epidemic which is claiming the lives of more than 100 people a day in the U.S. In 1988 the federal government passed a drug law which imposed the death penalty on drug “kingpins” who commit murder in the course of their business. Analysts estimate that this law has resulted in only a few executions. 32 countries impose the death penalty for drug smuggling. Seven of these countries (China, Indonesia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore) routinely execute drug offenders. Asia and the Middle East’s tough approach contrasts with many Western countries who have legalized cannabis in recent years (selling cannabis in Saudi Arabia is punished by beheading).

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应该允许教师在学校携带枪支吗?

28 states US states currently allow teachers or school staff to be armed in the classroom under varying conditions. Proponents argue that without guns, teachers or other staff have only limited countermeasures available to them when confronted with a shooter. Opponents, include The National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers, highlight the elevated risk of accidents and negligent use of firearms as more adults in schools are armed.

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在现有的购买枪支程序上是否应该增加更多限制?

2012年的桑迪胡克小学枪击案造成数州和城市要经过严格的枪支管制措施。对此,在南部和西部枪友好州立法者通过法案,加强坚守阵地法律允许的武器在大多数公共场所。在2014年,21个州通过了扩大的枪支所有者让他们拥有在教堂,酒吧,学校和大学校园枪支权利的法律。联邦政府没有通过任何枪支管制措施,自1994年布雷迪法案和42个国家现在允许突击步枪藏。在美国,三分之二的枪死亡是自杀,并在2010年有19000枪支自杀11000枪支杀人。

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枪支暴力的受害者应该能够控告枪支售卖者和制造商吗?

在2005年,美国国会通过了保护合法商业的武器法(PLCAA)。法律保护枪支制造商和经销商被追究法律责任,当犯罪行为已犯了他们的产品。该法通过响应一系列的诉讼提起枪行业在20世纪90年代末声称枪制造商和销售商并没有采取足够的措施防止致力于其产品的罪行。法律的支持者认为,诉讼将阻止枪支制造商从供应谁卖枪,最终在暴力犯罪使用的商店。反对者认为,枪支制造商是不负责的暴力行为与他们的产品的随意行为。

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你是否支持平权计划?

扶持行动是鼓励少数群体成员的任职人数增加的政策。在美国,这些政策是由雇主和教育机构在教育或就业往往制定。

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Should the Supreme Court be reformed to include more seats and term limits on judges?

In early 2020, several Democratic presidential candidates including Kamala Harris, Elizabeth Warren, Kirsten Gillibrand, Pete Buttigieg and Beto O’Rourke offered different proposals to reforming the Supreme Court. The proposals include adding 5 democratically elected judges to the current court and imposing term limits on current judges. According to the U.S. federal statute, justices have lifetime tenure unless they resign, retire, or are removed from office. Proponents of Supreme Court reform argue that the current court will be filled with too many conservative judges for the next several decades and it is not representative of the US population. Opponents argue that the plans are unconstitutional, would upset the balance of power and reinforce the idea that there are Democratic judges and Republican judges.

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它应该是非法烧美国国旗?

在2006年,美国参议院否决了这将允许国会通过立法,禁止美国国旗焚烧或亵渎宪法修正案。 2005年标志保护法案由参议员鲍勃·班尼特(R-犹他州),希拉里·克林顿(D-NY),芭芭拉义和团(D-CA),马克·普莱尔(D-ARK)和托马斯·卡珀(D-DEL)出台。该法案提出的长达一年的监禁惩罚和不超过$ 100,000的罚款。

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你是否支持将药物使用列为非犯罪行为?

1970年,国会通过了受控物质法案规定禁止生产,进口,拥有,使用和某些药物分布。该法案的通过可能被滥用药物的排名,把它们分为五类。最广​​泛使用的药物,在美国,酒和酒精的两个,是从分类免除。在几个州包括科罗拉多州,华盛顿州和俄勒冈州选票措施合法化藏有少量大麻。这些法律适用范围仅限于各自的状态和对联邦法律没有影响。

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在“禁飞名单”中的人们是否应该禁止购买枪支和弹药?

后在圣贝纳迪诺,CA十二月拍摄时,美国总统奥巴马在每周例行广播讲话中说,这是“疯狂”,使该国的禁飞名单上的恐怖分子嫌疑人购买枪支。不久后,民主党参议员介绍这一措施将有限制任何联邦恐怖主义观察名单上,也被称为禁飞名单,从能够购买枪支在美国的措施共和党参议员后没有通过否决这项措施。

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你支持爱国者法案吗?

The Patriot Act was enacted in direct response to the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center in New York City and the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, as well as the 2001 anthrax attacks, with the stated goal of dramatically strengthening national security. Opponents of the law have criticized its provision for indefinite detention of immigrants; permission to law enforcement to search a home or business without the owner’s or the occupant’s consent or knowledge under certain circumstances; the expanded use of National Security Letters, which allows the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to search telephone, email, and financial records without a court order; and the expanded access of law enforcement agencies to business records, including library and financial records. Since its passage, several court challenges have been brought against the act, and federal courts have ruled that a number of provisions are unconstitutional.

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国会选区的重新划分需要由一个独立的,非党派的委员会来控制吗?

目前,国会边界的重新划分选区是由国家立法机关控制每十年。徇私是地区与受益政党的意图重绘。这是最经常由国家政党与边缘化谁代表少数党选民区的意图实现。要获得更多的席位,执政党将重新划定选区,使少数党的选民将被分成更小的地区较少的席位。徇私的批评者说,这些做法让现任代表选择他们的选民,而不是选民选择他们。支持者说,绘图区是执政党的特权,并且对他们的政策或候选人的人气影响不大。

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美国政府应该对爱德华·斯诺登给予豁免吗?

爱德华·斯诺登是前国家安全局承办谁移交机密文件泄露的董事会的全球监测程序以前未知的情报界以外的任何人。这些文件是在2013年6月出版的卫报后逃到斯诺登俄罗斯,在那里他目前居住在庇护。

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是否应该允许政府以合理的补偿为公共或民事用途夺取私人财产?

征用权是一个国家或一个国家的政府的权力采取私有财产供公众使用。它可以通过州政府给市政府,政府下属有立法授权,甚至是私人或公司,当它们被授权行使公共性质的功能。对手包括保守党和自由意志论者在新罕布什尔州,反对给予政府没收财产为私人项目,如赌场的权力。支持者,其中包括石油管道和国家公园的主张,认为,道路和学校的建设是不可能的,如果政府不能在征用土地的占领。

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Should members of Congress be allowed to trade stocks while serving in office?

Congress passed the Stop Trading on Congressional Knowledge Act (STOCK Act) in 2012, following more than 10 years of allegations of insider trading by members of Congress and staff. Initially introduced in 2006, Rep. Louise Slaughter (D-NY) and Rep. Brian Baird (D-WA) drafted the STOCK Act in response to insider trading allegations against Tony Rudy, a top aide to the onetime House Majority Leader Rep. Tom DeLay, as well as an insider trading scandal faced by Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist in 2005. Critics argue that The STOCK Act has failed to achieve its goal of penalizing members for insider trading, as no member of Congress has ever been prosecuted under the STOCK Act, despite persistent credible allegations. In addition to the lack of enforcement, the small penalties associated with violations do not incentivize members to comply with the STOCK Act. The penalty for a member of Congress failing to report a financial transaction is a hardly impactful $200.

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Should Supreme Court justices be prohibited from making financial transactions with people who have a vested interest in court outcomes?

In 2023 Supreme Court Justices Clarence Thomas and Neil Gorsuch were criticized after news articles revealed they had personal financial transactions with people who had interest in court decisions. Politico reported that Justice Gorsuch sold a vacation property to the CEO of a prominent law firm which often brings cases before the court. ProPublica that a Texas oil executive had purchased multiple properties from Justice Thomas which the justice did not disclose. The Supreme Court sets its own ethics rules and leaves justices to make their own decisions about when and how to report outside gifts and income.

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政府是否应当规范社交媒体网站,作为阻止假新闻和误报的一种方法?

In January 2018 Germany passed the NetzDG law which required platforms like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to take down perceived illegal content within 24 hours or seven days, depending on the charge, or risk a fine of €50 million ($60 million) fines. In July 2018 representatives from Facebook, Google and Twitter denied to the U.S. House of Representatives Judiciary committee that they censor content for political reasons. During the hearing Republican members of Congress criticized the social media companies for politically motivated practices in removing some content, a charge the companies rejected. In April 2018 the European Union issued a series of proposals that would crack down on “online misinformation and fake news.” In June 2018 President Emmanuel Macron of France proposed a law which would give French authorities the power to immediately halt “the publication of information deemed to be false ahead of elections.”

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Should social media companies ban political advertising?

In October 2019 Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey announced that his social media company would ban all political advertising. He stated that political messages on the platform should reach users through the recommendation of other users – not through paid reach. Proponents argue that social media companies don’t have the tools to stop the spread of false information since their advertising platforms aren’t moderated by human beings. Opponents argue that the ban will disenfranchise candidates and campaigns who rely on social media for grassroots organizing and fundraising.

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如果军事升级空军一号?

2015年,美国空军宣布,它已经选定波音公司建造下一代空军一号飞机。两款新机将建成并将于2024年开始服役,国防部估计,这两个新飞机将花费美国纳税人大约$ 4个十亿。在2016年12月,当选总统唐纳德特朗普宣布,该项目成本失去控制,他将取消飞机订单,一旦他上台。新飞机的支持者认为,用于空军一号目前的飞机将是五十来岁在2021年和旧飞机零部件越来越难找。

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是否应该允许网络服务提供商对流行的网站(付更高的费用)提速,而这种提速是通过给不流行网站(付较低费用)降速来达到呢?

网络中立性是互联网服务提供商应该把互联网上所有的数据同样的原则。的网络中立性的法律支持者认为,他们个人的平衡,政府和企业的权利和义务,同时确保互联网继续成为一个开放的,分散的网络。反对者包括互联网公司谁抱怨法律会增加企业的成本,并创建了信息自由流动的障碍。

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Should President Biden be impeached on allegations of abuse of power, obstruction and corruption?

In September 2023 House Speaker Kevin McCarthy greenlit impeachment proceedings against President Joe Biden. Among the allegations against President Biden are that he helped his embattled son Hunter Biden make millions of dollars while representing overseas companies by appearing at dozens of meetings with company executives to curry favors, including those with Burisma and a venture capital firm connected to the Chinese communist government. As a result of his alleged participation, members of his family have profited off the Biden name to the tune of millions of dollars. The allegations have “consumed” the president, according to those close to him.

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Should homeless individuals, that have refused available shelter or housing, be allowed to sleep or encamp on public property?

From 2020 – 2022 six US states introduced bills that would make sleeping on public property a misdemeanor punishable by a fine of up to $5,000 and a month in jail. In 2021 Texas became the first state to pass a statewide law which banned public homeless encampments statewide and pulled state grant funds from non-compliant cities. Proponents of these laws argue that that leaving tens of thousands of Americans—often with severe mental illness or substance use problems—on the streets for decades until they can all be provided with permanent, supportive housing is not a viable or humane model. Opponents argue that the laws do not provide housing solutions and simply encourage homeless people to relocate to other states.

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您是否支持增加富人的税收来降低学生贷款的利率?

In March 2019 the U.S. Senate defeated The Bank on Students Emergency Loan Refinancing Act by a vote of 58-38. The act, proposed by Senator Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) would lower the interest rate on existing student loans from 7% to 3.86%. The act would be financed by levying a mandatory income tax of 30% on everyone who earns between $1 Million and $2 Million dollars per year. Proponents argue that current student loan interest rates are nearly double normal interest rates and should be lowered to provide relief for millions of low-income borrowers. Opponents argue that the borrowers agreed to pay the interest rates when they took out the loans and taxing the rich would hurt the economy.

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Should the federal government pay for tuition at four-year colleges and universities?

A 2017 College Board study estimated that the cost of college has increased 100% since 2001. The St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank estimates that U.S. college tuition debt has increased from $480 billion in 2006 to $1.5 trillion in 2018. Several 2020 Democratic Presidential Primary candidates have argued that the cost of college is out of control and that the government should pay for tuition. Opponents argue that the government cant afford it and point to estimates from the Committee for a Responsible Federal budget that estimate programs would cost the government $80 billion a year.

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Should critical race theory be taught in K-12 education?

Critical race theory is the claim that American institutions, laws, and history are inherently racist. It argues that white people have put up social, economic, and legal barriers between the races in order to maintain their elite status, both economically and politically and that the source of poverty and criminal behavior in minority communities is due exclusively to these barriers.

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Should the federal government fund Universal preschool?

Universal preschool is a proposal that would use funding from the federal government to provide school to children before they reach Kindergarten. In the current U.S. public education system government funded school is guaranteed to all children from kindergarten to 12th grade. number of U.S. states use state tax revenue to fund part-time and full-time preschool for children between the ages of 3 and 5. Half of the states that offer pre-K programs limit enrollment to low-income children. Proponents that preschool is too expensive for most American families and according to The Chicago Child-Parent Center's Longitudinal Study children who attend preschool found on average that children make significant gains in cognitive, language and early math and reading skills. Opponents point to a 2005 study done by the RAND Corp. which showed “no significant impacts in education – in the short or long term.”

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Do you support charter schools?

Charter schools are tax payer funded K-12 schools that are managed by private companies. In the U.S. there are approximately 2.9 million students enrolled in 6,700 charter schools. Charter schools are approved and governed by city, county or state governments. Beneficiaries of private schools include real-estate investors who typically own the buildings and land where the schools are housed. Opponents of charter schools argue that they take money away from the public education system and enrich private companies and real estate investors who own the land where the schools are built. Proponents argue that students in charter schools consistently have higher test scores than public school students and note that there are millions of students across the U.S. who are currently on waitlists for private schools.

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你支持共同核心国家标准码?

The Common Core State Standards is an educational initiative from 2010 that details what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade. The initiative is sponsored by the National Governors Association and Council of Chief State School Officers. 36 US states and the District of Columbia currently use a form of the standards.

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Should the government decriminalize school truancy?

Truancy is intentional, unjustified, unauthorized, or illegal absence from compulsory education. Its absence is caused by students of their own free will and does not apply to excused absences. In the U.S. truancy laws are regulated by local school districts and vary widely across the United States. Penalties include fines or jail time for parents or children. In 2019 Presidential candidates Elizabeth Warren and Beto O’Rourke introduced plans that would require the government to decriminalize truancy at the federal level.

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Should the government offer students a voucher that they can use to attend private schools?

A school voucher is a certificate of government funding that students can use to pay for the school of their choice. Students are given the vouchers and can use them to pay for non-public school systems including private schools, home schools and charter schools Proponents argue that the vouchers will create a better education system by promoting competition between schools. Opponents argue that the voucher system removes funds from public schools and redirects it toward private institutions.

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Should colleges be held financially accountable if graduates, with degrees leading to lower income jobs, default on their student loans?

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Should immigrants from high risk countries be banned from entering the country until the government improves its ability to screen out potential terrorists?

Proponents argue that this strategy would bolster national security by minimizing the risk of potential terrorists entering the country. Enhanced screening processes, once implemented, would provide a more thorough assessment of applicants, reducing the likelihood of malicious actors gaining entry. Critics argue that such a policy might inadvertently promote discrimination by broadly categorizing individuals based on their nation of origin rather than specific, credible threat intelligence. It may strain diplomatic relations with the affected countries and potentially harm the perception of the nation enacting the ban, being seen as hostile or prejudiced towards certain international communities. Additionally, genuine refugees fleeing terrorism or persecution in their home countries might be unjustly denied safe haven.

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非法移民是否应有机会获得政府资助的医疗保健?

非法移民,以及在全国不到五年的合法移民,没有资格申请医疗补助,通过医疗免费。 2007年的一项研究估计,医疗支出的不到1%到医疗保健为非法移民。移民补贴医疗的支持者认为,基本的预防保健访问的增加会降低对昂贵的紧急护理的需求。反对者认为,在医疗系统中运行的移民成为危险的“永久的患者,”因为他们没有亲人,保险或在那里他们可以去一次发布一个既定的地址。

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美国是否应该在南部边境建立一堵墙?

In 2015 U.S. Presidential candidate Donald Trump issued a proposal to build a wall along the Mexico-U.S. border. The wall would extend along the 1,900 mile border and would prevent illegal goods and people from entering the U.S. In 2013 the Government Accountability Office reported that the border patrol had intercepted 61% of individuals who had attempted to cross the border that year. Analysts say that building a wall along the entire border is impossible since it parts of it contain rocky, uneven terrain. Proponents argue that the wall will cut down on the flow of illegal immigrants and drugs into the U.S. Opponents argue that the wall is impossible to build and illegal immigration into the U.S. has declined significantly since the 2008 financial crisis.

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Should undocumented immigrants be offered in-state tuition rates at public colleges within their residing state?

目前十六州(加利福尼亚州,科罗拉多州,康涅狄格州,伊利诺伊州,堪萨斯州,马里兰州,明尼苏达州,内布拉斯加州,新泽西州,新墨西哥州,纽约州,俄克拉何马州,俄勒冈州,得克萨斯州,犹他州和华盛顿州),允许非法移民支付州内同学费率随着国家的其他居民。为了获得资格,学生必须参加学校在国家确定若干年前,已经在该州高中毕业,已经证实,他们正在申请合法的公民身份。

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是否应该向非法移民的子女授予合法公民身份?

美国宪法第14修正案规定,“在美国出生或归并受其管辖的所有个人物,是美国的国家公民,其中他们居住。”生育权的公民的反对者认为,14日修正案还不清楚,因为它没有明确说明的父母所生的谁是在美国婴儿非法人自动公民。支持者认为,推翻了第14修正案将增加无证移民的数量与出生在这里每个孩子,花费了美国纳税人数十亿美元,并减少了税基。

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有工作的非法移民是否应该给予临时大赦?

大赦国际是由联邦政府授予其从移民法,以无证移民目前居住在标准的美国各种级别的免疫力已经被提出了移民能够获得特赦,包括就业和愿意纳税证明通过了一项法案。

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美国应该增多还是减少分给高技能移民工人的临时工作签证?

熟练的临时工作签证通常给予外国科学家,工程师,程序员,设计师,管理人员和其他岗位或领域在需求超过供应。大多数企业认为雇用外国熟练工人使他们能够有竞争力的填补其有很高的需求职位。反对者认为,技术移民减少中产阶级的工资和工作任期。

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若犯下严重罪行,移民应被驱逐出境吗?

In 2015 the U.S. House of Representatives introduced the Establishing Mandatory Minimums for Illegal Reentry Act of 2015 (Kate’s Law.) The law was introduced after San Francisco 32 year old San Francisco resident Kathryn Steinle was shot and killed by Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez on July 1, 2015. Lopez-Sanchez was an illegal immigrant from Mexico who had been deported on five separate occasions since 1991 and been charged with seven felony convictions. Since 1991 Lopez-Sanchez had been charged with seven felony convictions and deported five times by the U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service. Although Lopez-Sanchez had several outstanding warrants in 2015 authorities were unable to deport him due to San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy which prevents law enforcement officials from questioning a resident’s immigration status. Proponents of sanctuary city laws argue that they enable illegal immigrants to report crimes without the fear of being reported. Opponents argue that sanctuary city laws provide encourage illegal immigration and prevent law enforcement authorities from detaining and deporting criminals.

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庇护城市是否应该从联邦获得资金?

A sanctuary city is a city that adopts local policies designed to not prosecute people solely for being an undocumented individual in the country in which they are currently living. In January 2017, President Trump issued an executive order that would withhold federal funding from sanctuary cities. In April 2017 a federal judge ruled that Trump’s order was unconstitutional.

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应当要求移民学习英语么?

美国国籍法要求申请者有为了实现公民身份的英语语言的工作知识。 1990年,政府通过了例外规定对老年人的申请人和那些有精神或身体残疾。

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当地执法部门应被允许因轻罪扣留非法移民,并将它们转移到联邦移民当局么?

在二〇一三年十月七日加利福尼亚州州长杰里·布朗签署了一项国家法案,禁止执法人员从美国移民和海关执法局持有的基础上,拘留一个人后,那人就符合发布,除非他或她已被指控或被定罪的某些罪行,包括暴力重罪。

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美国应该对目前的边境安全政策增加限制吗?

In 2021 the U.S. Border Patrol reported 1,659,206 encounters with migrants at the U.S.-Mexico border, narrowly exceeding the prior highs of 1,643,679 in 2000 and 1,615,844 in 1986. The Border Patrol reported 608,037 encounters with Mexican nationals in 2021, accounting for 37% of the total. The remaining 1,051,169 encounters, or 63%, involved people from countries other than Mexico – by far the highest total for non-Mexican nationals in CBP records dating back to 2000. Congress has passed at least four laws since 1986 authorizing increases in Border Patrol personnel. The number of border patrol agents on the southwest border has grown from 2,268 in 1980 to 25,914 in 2021. Border fencing has increased from 14 miles in 1990 to 651 miles today. Proponents argue that too many immigrants cross our border every year and anyone entering the U.S. from a foreign country should pass through customs and have a valid visa. Opponents of stronger border controls argue the majority of illegal entrants are migrants seeking temporary work and pose no threat to national security.

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Should immigrants to the United States be allowed to hold dual citizenship status?

Multiple citizenship, also called dual citizenship is a person's citizenship status, in which a person is concurrently regarded as a citizen of more than one state under the laws of those states. There is no international convention which determines the nationality or citizen status of a person, which is defined exclusively by national laws, which vary and can be inconsistent with each other. Some countries do not permit dual citizenship. Most countries that permit dual citizenship still may not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory, for example, in relation to entry into the country, national service, duty to vote, etc.

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移民应该被要求通过一个公民测试以展示对我们国家的语言,历史,和政府的基本理解吗?

The American Civics test is an examination that all immigrants must pass to gain U.S. citizenship. The test asks 10 randomly selected questions which cover U.S. history, the constitution and government. In 2015 Arizona became the first state to require High School students to pass the test before they graduate.

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政府应该增加在公共交通方面的资金投入吗?

Each year federal agencies receive funding from Congress, known as budgetary resources . In 2022, the Department of Transportation (DOT) had $354.83 Billion distributed among its 11 sub-components. The Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 appropriated $1.5 billion to the Department of Transportation for 478 projects at the request of Members of Congress. Tribal, state, and local governments received the funds to make improvements to transportation infrastructure. including roads, sidewalks and concourse renovations for airports. Each individual fund ranged from $30,000 to $100 million, with over 80 percent of projects receiving less than $5 million per project.

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政府应该要求孩子接种疫苗可预防的疾病?

2014年1月,挂钩爆发在迪斯尼乐园102例麻疹病例共报告14个州。惊动了CDC的爆发,宣告了今年在美国消除疾病2000年许多卫生官员已经追平爆发数量不断增加的12授权的支持者岁以下未接种疫苗的儿童认为,疫苗是必要的,以便以确保可预防疾病的人群免疫力。群体免疫保护谁的人无法获得因年龄或健康状况疫苗。授权的反对者认为,政府不应该能够决定哪些疫苗的儿童应接受。一些反对者也认为有接种疫苗和孤独症和接种他们的孩子将在他们的早期儿童发展的破坏性后果之间的联系。

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您是否支持使用核能?

核电是利用该释放能量以产生热量的核反应,其中最常然后在蒸汽涡轮机用于在核电站来产生电力。在美国100个核反应堆提供了全国20%的能源。支持者认为,核能现在是安全而发出的碳排放比燃煤电厂少得多。反对者认为,在日本最近的核灾难证明,核电是远离安全。

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应该要求生产商对转基因食品 (GMOs) 进行标明吗?

在美国目前,GMO(转基因生物)食品没有被FDA分类不同,不要求标注。虽然从转基因食品的不良影响的报道已被记录在案,倡导组织如绿色和平组织和有机消费​​者协会认为,过去的研究不能被信任,因为它们是由亲转基因生物公司赞助,不衡量对人类的长期影响,环境,和性质。反对者认为,贴标签增加了一个毫无根据的耻辱了有机食品的,如果营养或过敏的差异被发现,目前FDA法规就已经要求一个标签。

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政府应该资助太空旅行吗?

In 2022 Congress’ increased NASA’s annual budget by 3% to about $24 billion, short of the 7% increase the Biden administration sought. The budget includes $1.5 billion in funds for the moon-lander program which would, for the first time in decades, take astronauts back to the lunar surface.

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政府应该增加还是减少军事开支?

The U.S. military budge pays the salaries, training, and health care of uniformed and civilian personnel, maintains arms, equipment and facilities, funds operations, and develops and buys new items. The 2023 U.S. military budget is $773 billion, an increase of 4% over 2022’s budget. The budget includes $177.5 billion for the Army, $194 billion for the Air Force and Space Force and $230.8 billion for the Navy and Marine Corps. Other country’s 2021 military budgets were China $293 billion, United Kingdom $68.4 billion and Russia $66 billion.

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美国是否应该留在联合国?

The UN. is an organization of governments founded in 1945 after World War II. The organization’s objectives include promoting peace and security, protecting human rights, the environment and providing humanitarian aid in cases of famine, natural disaster, and armed conflict. Recent U.N. interventions include the Sri Lankan civil war in 2009 and the 2010 earthquake in Haiti. The U.S. joined the U.N. as a founding member in 1945. The U.S. is the largest financial contributor to the UN and contributes more than $11.5 billion or 25% of its total budget annually.

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应该给外国恐怖主义嫌疑犯宪法权利吗?

2002年,乔治·W·布什政府颁发的酷刑备忘录其主张酷刑根据美国法律狭隘的定义。其中包括授予中央情报局权力使用“强化审讯手段”关于敌方战斗人员。这些技术包括水刑屈从于极端寒冷和禁闭在小箱子。

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美国应该增加还是减少对外援助支出?

Foreign aid is a transfer of financial resources or commodities or technical advice and training. The resources can take the form of grants or concessional credits (e.g., export credits). Foreign aid is used to support US national security and commercial interests and can also be distributed for humanitarian reasons. Aid spending is financed by U.S. taxpayers and distributed through 20 government agencies that manage foreign assistance programs. In 2020 the U.S. distributed $39 billion on economic assistance, $25 billion through the U.S. Agency for International Development and $11.6 billion on military assistance.

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应该允许军队使用加强的审问技术,比如水刑,来从被怀疑的恐怖分子那里获得信息吗?

9月11日之后,2001恐怖袭击的布什政府授权在世界各地的秘密监禁设施由美国国防部和中央情报局运行使用“强化审讯手段”。授权批准使用的许多技术,包括殴打,在压力位置,蒙头,剥夺睡眠和水刑的结合。 2008年,美国总统奥巴马签署了一项行政命令,禁止由美国军方和中情局使用酷刑。在2016年使用酷刑成为总统竞选期间的话题时,候选人唐纳德·特朗普建议应该针对伊斯兰国使用。折磨的反对者认为,美国不应该实施酷刑,因为它是根据国际法不人道的和非法的。支持者认为,军方不应使用酷刑的预防,如果他们认为它会保持该国的安全。

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你支持奥巴马总统取消对古巴贸易和旅游禁令的举措吗?

The United States embargo against Cuba prevents American businesses from conducting trade with Cuban interests. In December 2014 President Obama ordered the restoration of full democratic relations with Cuba. The order lifted a 54-year-old trade embargo and eased restrictions on banking and American’s travel to the country. When President Trump took office in 2017 his administration re-imposed the U.S. travel ban, citing Cuba poor record with human rights. In July 2021 President Biden imposed new sanctions on Cuba’s police force and on two of Cuba’s leaders in response to the 2021 Cuban protests. Proponents of relations with Cuba argue that U.S. influence through tourism and trade will promote capitalism and weaken its communist regime. Opponents argue that trade and diplomatic relations will only strengthen the communist regime’s grip on the Cuban government.

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Should the United States provide military supplies and funding to Ukraine?

On February 24 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine in a major escalation of the Russo-Ukrainian War that began in 2014. The invasion caused Europe’s largest refugee crisis since World War II, with around 7.1 million Ukrainians fleeing the country and a third of the population displaced. It has also caused global food shortages. From February 2022 – September 2022 the U.S. government approved approximately $50 billion in economic and military aid for Ukraine. The funding is earmarked for training, equipment, weapons and other support—such as salaries and stipends—for Ukraine’s military and security forces and budgetary support for Ukrainian government operations.

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美国应否留在北约?

北大西洋条约组织是一个基于北大西洋公约组织的政府间军事同盟这是在4月4日签署的,1949年是欧洲和北美成员国的政治和军事联盟,同意为每个提供军事和经济安全其他。北约使得其所有决定以协商一致和每一个成员的国家,不管是大还是小,有平等的发言权。

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美国应该继续支持以色列吗?

Israel is the largest cumulative recipient of U.S. foreign assistance since World War II. To date, the United States has provided Israel $150 in bilateral assistance and missile defense funding since the country’s founding in 1948. Nearly all of U.S. bilateral aid to Israel is in the form of military assistance. In fiscal year 2022 the Biden administration requested $3.8 billion in military aid for Israel.

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每个18岁的公民都应该被要求服至少一年的兵役吗?

Conscription is the state-mandated enlistment of people in a national military service. In the U.S. the Select Service System drafted men for World War 1, World War 2 and Vietnam. Military service is currently not required in the U.S. Proponents of required service argue that it isn’t fair that a small percentage of Americans serve in the military to protect the rest of the population. Opponents argue that the requirement is unnecessary because modern warfare is fought less and less with ground troops and more with unmanned technology including drones.

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军方应该驾驶无人机飞跃外国领空获得情报并杀害可疑的恐怖分子吗?

Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles deployed by U.S. defense and intelligence agencies to collect data and strike suspected enemy targets. The first known U.S. strike was the 2002 killing of al-Qaeda operative Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi in Yemen. Between 2022 and 2020 the U.S. killed between 9,000 and 18,000 enemy combatants and 900-2200 civilians with drone strikes. Opponents of drone strikes have long contended strikes that kill civilians essentially serve as a recruiting poster for terrorist groups. In 2010, a man named Faisal Shahzad tried and failed to bomb Times Square in New York City. Later, Shahzad cited US drone strikes as his motivation for the failed bombing. Proponents of drone strikes argue that they can kill high value w=enemy targets without putting soldiers into combat.

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美国应该保护其他国防预算相对低于国内生产总值 (GDP) 的北约组织 (NATO) 国家吗?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is an intergovernmental military alliance formed by 28 countries in 1949 after the Second World War. To join NATO each member country pledged to spend at least 2% of their GDP on military spending and defense and defend each other against threats from any non-member country. At the NATO Summit of 2014, each member agreed on a goal of spending 2% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) on defense by 2024. Member nations further agreed to devote at least 20% of defense spending on major new equipment and associated Research and Development. As of 2020, eleven of the 30 member nations met the 2% of GDP goal. These nations are Estonia, France, Greece, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic, United Kingdom, and United States. In a July 2016 interview with the New York Times Republican Presidential nominee Donald Trump suggested that the United States would not defend NATO member countries who had failed to increase their military budgets to above 2% of Gross Domestic Product.

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政府应该取消生产F-35战斗机?

在F-35战机是一种隐形战斗机由洛克希德·马丁公司,美国军方正在生产。单座隐身战斗机的三个变化正在生产,为空军,海军陆战队和海军。到2037年2,457 F-35的将交付给军方,并会飞行,直到他们从服务退休在2070的F-35的研制,开发和建设将是最昂贵的军事武器计划在美国的历史。当F-35退役2070年分析师估计,该计划的成本将超过1.5万亿$。该计划的反对者认为,该计划成本失控,军队应报废F-35,并继续悬挂其目前的飞机。支持者认为,该战机是必要的美军维持其对外国对手的优势。

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Should Ukraine join NATO?

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two North American. After Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, the Ukrainian government repeatedly requested to be accepted into NATO as a member country. Ukraine’s NATO membership has long been a thorny subject in amongst U.S. government officials due to Article 5 of the alliance’s charter. Article 5 requires the U.S. to militarily defend any member-nation that comes under attack. NATO members countries fear that Ukraine’s immediate entry into NATO — which requires the unanimous approval of all 30 member-nations — would put the U.S. and Russia at war due to Moscow’s invasion of Ukraine as well as its forced annexations announced in September 2022.

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美国是否应该继续 NSA 对美国盟国的监听?

文件由前国家安全局承办爱德华·斯诺登透露缓存透露,美国使用监视的方法来监视电子邮件和它最接近的外国盟友,包括德国,法国和巴西的电话。该爆料已经严重破坏了美国同即使国务院官员坚持认为这些监测方案已挫败了许多恐怖威胁的全球这些国家的关系。

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Which side of the Israeli Palestinian conflict do you sympathize with more?

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Should Jerusalem be recognized as the capital of Israel?

In December 2017 U.S. President Donald Trump recognized Jerusalem as Israel’s capital and announced the U.S. would move it’s embassy there. The announcement was controversial as both Israel and Palestine claim that Jerusalem is their capital. Foreign governments that recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel support the notion that Israel has sovereignty over the city. In 1949 Israel took control of the western half of the city and Jordan took control of the eastern half. In 2017 the current population of Jerusalem was 61% Jewish and 37% are Arab. Opponents argue that moving the U.S. embassy to Israel is a violation of international law and would set back decades of peace talks between Israel and Palestine. Proponents argue that Jerusalem has been the defect capital of Israel for many years and foreign governments should recognize it.

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Should the U.S. sell military weapons to India in order to counter Chinese and Russian influence?

In September 2018, the U.S. signed a security agreement with India unlocked the sales of billions of dollars of high-tech American weapons. India will purchase fighter jets, transport planes, drones and missile defense systems from American military manufacturers including Lockheed Martin. The U.S. government is seeking India as an ally to counter the rise of China and Russia’s military strength in the Indo-Pacific region. Proponents argue that the agreement is necessary to counter China and Russia’s influence and the agreement will generate billions of dollars in revenue for U.S. military defense contractors. Opponents argue that the agreement will encourage China and Russia to beef up their militaries and trigger a global arms race.

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你最认同哪个党派?

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Which qualities are most important to you in a candidate?